Western blotting was performed using a gel documentation system (iBrightCL1000, Invitrogen and Image Lab Software version 3.0), and a standard protocol as previously described (Zhang et al., 2019 (link)). The primary antibodies were anti-cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (P16) (80772, Cell Signaling Technology, United States), anti-cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21) (2947, Cell Signaling Technology), P53 (21083, Signalway Antibody, United States), PTEN (ab31392, abcam, United Kingdom), anti-phosphorylated-AKT (p-AKT) (4060, Cell Signaling Technology) and anti-AKT (4691, Cell Signaling Technology); Cleaved caspase-3 (29034, Signalway Antibody), Bcl-2 (ab196495, abcam), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, ab52917, abcam), anti-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (5174, Cell Signaling Technology); TSG101 (14497, Proteintech, United States), CD63 (25682, Proteintech), CD81 (66866, Proteintech) and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated were secondary antibodies (Biosharp, China).
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