All the site-directed or C terminus-truncated variants of UPF0118 were constructed using pET22b-P-UPF0118 as a template and the corresponding primers listed in Supplementary Table S1 via a Fast Mutagenesis System kit purchased from TransGen Biotech Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China), as described in our recent studies (Shao et al., 2018 (link); Xu et al., 2019 (link)). All the final UPF0118 variants were re-sequenced to confirm the accuracy of mutagenesis, and the corresponding plasmids were transformed into E. coli KNabc for growth tests and Na+(Li+)/H+ antiport activity assays.
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