Total RNA Extraction and cDNA Synthesis from Plant Tissues

Total RNA was extracted from ray florets using Fruit-mate for RNA Purification solution (Takara, Otsu, Japan) and Plant RNA Purification Reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, United States) as described previously (Lim et al., 2020 (link)) and purified using a FavorPrep™ Plant Total RNA Mini Kit (Favorgen, Changzhi, Taiwan). Total RNA was prepared from tobacco leaves using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen) and purified using a FavorPrep™ Plant Total RNA Mini Kit (Favorgen), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. DNA contamination was removed by DNase I treatment (Ambion, Thermo Fisher Scientific), and the first-strand cDNA was synthesized from 2 μg of total RNA using amfiRivert cDNA Synthesis Platinum Master Mix (GenDEPOT, Barker, TX, United States).
Genomic DNA was obtained from chrysanthemum leaves using a Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA, United States) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.