All HPLC tests were carried out on a Shimadzu Nexera (Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan) [23 (link)]. A Dr. Maisch ReproSil-Pur Basic-C18 100 column with 5 µm and 100 × 4.60 mm particle sizes (Dr. Maisch, Ammerbuch-Entringen, Germany) was utilized for the stationary phase. Methanol/0.1% formic acid (70:30 v/v) was used as the mobile phase. The mobile phase was vacuum-filtered via a 0.45 µm nylon filter. The experimental parameters were as follows: flow rate of 1.0 mL·min−1, wavelength of 308 nm, and column temperature of 35 °C.
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