Adipogenic and Osteogenic Differentiation of SCAP-S and DPSCs

SCAP-Ss and DPSCs at indicated passages were seeded at a density of 5 × 10⁴/cm² in the aforementioned culture medium as reported [2 (link), 8 (link)]. When cells reached 80% confluency, the medium was changed into adipogenic differentiation medium (MesenCult Adipogenic Differentiation Kit, Stem Cell Technologies) or osteogenic differentiation medium (MesenCult Osteogenic Differentiation Kit, Stem Cell Technologies). The differentiation medium was changed every 3.5 days as we described previously [2 (link), 3 (link), 23 (link)]. 21 days later, the SCAP-S and DPSC-derived cells were stained with Oil Red O or Alizarin Red staining buffer, respectively. Then, the cells were photographed with a Nikon Eclipse Ti-U microscope (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan).