We replicated the identified novel loci in two independent data sets for which genotype data were available: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study with 40,562 individuals across two nested case-control studies (EPIC-InterAct and EPIC-CVD) and the cohort-wide EPIC-Norfolk study (Supplementary Note 1); and a cohort of 2195 individuals (all controls) additionally collected as part of the SOCCS that were not included in our discovery stage. As for the phenotype, EPIC individuals were assayed for plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and SOCCS individuals were assayed for total 25-hydroxyvitamin D. We performed the association analysis in a similar manner, adjusted for age, sex, time of sample collection, and study center where relevant. We regarded P-value < 0.05 in the replication samples, and P-value < 5×10−8 in the pooled analysis as successful replication.
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