Specific pathogen-free C57BL/6, B6(Cg)-Tyrc-2J/J, and Ifnar–/– mice were obtained from Taconic Farms. STOCK Tg (CAG-DsRed*MST) 1Nagy/J mice were crossed to OT-I TCR transgenic mice (NIAID Intramural Research Repository) and bred for homozygosity to create DsRed OT-I mice. Plvapfl/fl mice 29 (link) on C57BL/6J background were crossed to Prox1-CreERT2tg/+ mice 51 (link) to create PLVAPiLECKO mice (genotype: Plvapfl/flProx1-CreERT2tg/+). Prox1-CreERT2tg/+ mice on C57BL/6 genetic background were a kind gift from G. Oliver (U Chicago). PlvapiLECKO and littermate Plvapfl/fl control mice were bred in house at Dartmouth and shipped to NIH. 6- to 16-week-old female mice were used in all experiments unless otherwise noted. Mice were housed under specific pathogen-free conditions (including murine norovirus, mouse parvovirus, and mouse hepatitis virus) and maintained on standard rodent chow and water supplied ad libitum. All animal studies were approved by and performed in accordance with the Animal Care and Use Committee of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.