RNA was isolated from cell pellets using kit (catalogue no. 74104, Qiagen, USA), and then using a cDNA Reverse Transcription kit (Applied Biosystems, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.), cDNA was synthesized. Quantitative PCR was performed using HotStart-IT® FideliTaq™ PCR Master Mix (2X) (catalog no. 71156, Affymetrix, USA). The effect of Aps on the expression of isolated genes families involved in the oxidative stress [Cat, SOD1 (Cu-Zn-SOD), and SOD2 (Mn-SOD)], inflammation [TNF-α and IL-6], apoptosis [Cas-3, Bax, and Bcl2] was investigated. The used primers are shown in Table 1. PCR conditions were adjusted according to Huang et al.[32 (link)] CFX96 real-time system (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.) was used for the reaction. Transcript levels were calculated and normalized of the expression of the targeted genes to the expression of GAPDH (internal reference gene). Experiments were conducted in triplicates.