For isolation of genomic DNA, V. dahliae strains were grown with shaking at 120 rpm and 25 °C in liquid PDM. Mycelia were harvested using Miracloth and ground to powder in liquid nitrogen. Genomic DNA was isolated with phenol as described previously [42 (link)]. Southern hybridizations were performed as described [40 (link),42 (link)] using Amersham AlkPhos Direct Labelling and CDP-Star detection reagents (GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA).
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