For SEM, 105 cells were fixed on microscope slides for 1 h in Karnovski solution (2% glutaraldehyde, 4% paraformaldehyde, 1 mM CaCl2 in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer), and post-fixed with 1% osmium tetroxide, for 1 h. The cells were dehydrated and then subjected to the critical point in the CPD 010 (Critical Point Dryer), plated with gold in the apparatus SCD 030 (Balzers Union, Liechtenstein). Images were taken under a JEOL JSM 6360–LV Scanning Electron Microscope (Jeol USA Inc., Peabody, MA, USA) [63 (link)]. 3 independent experiments were performed in duplicates.
Free full text: Click here