Mouse colon tissues were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (Servicebio, Wuhan, China) for 12 hours and embedded. Sections were processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) or Alcian blue (AB) for pathological evaluation. The histological score was evaluated according to the inflammatory infiltration and mucosal damage as described previously (27 (link)). Representative images were captured using a fluorescence inversion microscope (Nikon, Shanghai, China).
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