Neural stem cells (NSCs) were maintained in a growth medium comprised of Neurobasal medium (Gibco), B-27 (Gibco), non-essential amino acid (Sigma-Aldrich), GlutaMAX (Gibco), and 10 ng/mL of fibroblast growth factor (FGF). Differentiation into a dopaminergic phenotype was carried out over 10 days in medium comprised of Neurobasal medium, 1X B27 supplements, 1X non-essential amino acids, 20 ng/mL brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), 20 ng/mL glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and 20 ng/mL TGFb3.101 (link) All growth factors were purchased from Peprotech (Rocky Hill, NJ). NSCs were grown in plates/flasks coated with Geltrex ™ (ThermoFisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA). 50% of the differentiation media was replaced with fresh media every 72 hours.