Forty-five adult male Wistar rats (140 ± 20 g) were bought from the Center of Medical Research and Services, Alexandria University, Egypt. Rats were housed in standard laboratory conditions with a 12 h light/dark cycle. Food pellets and drinking water were accessed ad libitum for rats as stated by Atta et al. [49 (link)] and as listed in Table S1 . After ten days, the rats were randomly allotted into five groups (n = 9 per group in three replicates each) including control, reared on basal diet and distilled water administered by gavage along with subcutaneous injection of physiological saline solution (0.9%); D-gal, reared on basal diet and injected subcutaneously with 120 mg D-gal dissolved in saline solution per kg body weight (B.W.) daily [50 (link)]; D-gal+Q25, reared on basal diet and injected subcutaneously with 120 mg D-gal per kg B.W. daily along with oral supplementation of quercetin (Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA) dissolved in distilled water by a dose of 25 mg per kg B.W. daily [51 (link)]; and two other quercetin-treated groups, D-gal+Q50 and D-gal+Q100, that were orally supplemented daily with 2- and 4-fold dosages of quercetin compared with D-gal+Q25, respectively, and injected with the same dose as D-gal. The experiment was done for 42 days.
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