A radio-resistant cell line (MDA-MB-231/IR) was recently developed in our laboratory [12 (link)]. Cell culture media [Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM)], fetal bovine serum (FBS), and antibiotics were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). 10-gingerol (Item number: 11842; ≥98% purity) was purchased from Cayman chemicals (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). All other chemicals used in experiments were purchased from Sigma Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA) unless otherwise indicated. Primary antibodies caspase-3, cleaved-caspase-3, caspase-7, Bax, Bcl-2, PARP, cyclin D1, GAPDH, PI3 Kinase p85, p-PI3 Kinase p85α, Akt, p-Akt (Ser473), p-Akt (Thr308), mTOR, p-mTOR, 4E-BP1, p-4E-BP1, caveolin-1, GSK-3β, and p-GSK-3β were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). β-catenin was purchased from BD bio-sciences (San Diego, CA, USA). HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (goat anti-rabbit and anti-mouse IgG) were purchased from Vector Laboratories (Burlingame, CA, USA). An ECL Plus kit (western blotting substrate) was purchased from Biosesang Inc. (Seongnam, Korea).
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