Authenticating and Culturing Cell Lines

Human cancer cell lines originated from the CCLE [18 (link)] were authenticated by single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis and tested for mycoplasma infection using a PCR-based detection technology (RADIL, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO; now IDEXX Laboratories). All cell lines used were directly thawed from the CCLE collection stock and cultured as previously described [18 (link)] except SW1736 (Creative Bioarray). Cell lines were used within 15 passages of thawing and continuously cultured for less than 6 months. All small molecule inhibitors used were synthesized and structurally verified by NMR and LC/MS according to cited references at Novartis except RMC-4550 (Selleck Chemicals), NSC-87877 (Selleck Chemicals), and IIB-08 (Millipore Sigma). EGF and FGF19 were purchased from R&D Systems.