A lunar regolith simulant (FJS-1, Shimizu
Corporation, Median: 70 μm, Table S1) was used for a model regolith sample. The complex dielectric permittivity
of FJS-1 measured by the cavity perturbation method at 2.45 GHz was
εr* = 4.79-j0.0871 with no electrical conductivity.
The silicon carbide (SiC) microwave susceptors (carborundum nos. #16
and #100, Kishida Chemical Co. Ltd.) were used for multimode microwave
heating.