Urine genomic bacterial DNA isolation was performed using the QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany) according to the instruction for purification of bacterial DNA from urine and author modifications. Urine samples of 5 mL volume were centrifuged to concentrate; next, 140 µL of urine was taken and mixed with 540 µL of AVL buffer (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany) to inactivate the numerous unidentified PCR inhibitors found in urine. After 10 min of incubation, 100% ethanol was added, and the mixture was transferred onto QIAamp Mini columns (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany) and centrifuged. After purification using AW1 and AW2 buffers (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany), DNA was eluted from the columns with nuclease free water. DNA samples were divided into 1.5 mL Eppendorf test tubes.
Cancerous samples and healthy bladder mucosa genomic DNA were extracted and purified using QIAamp DNA Mini Kits (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany), according to the manufacturer’s instructions, as described previously [40 (link)]. The amount of extracted DNA from urine and bladder tissues were measured using Nanodrop ND-1000 spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Bacterial genomic DNA was stored at −20 °C until further analysis.
Cancerous samples and healthy bladder mucosa genomic DNA were extracted and purified using QIAamp DNA Mini Kits (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany), according to the manufacturer’s instructions, as described previously [40 (link)]. The amount of extracted DNA from urine and bladder tissues were measured using Nanodrop ND-1000 spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Bacterial genomic DNA was stored at −20 °C until further analysis.
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