Immunohistochemical staining of NGAL, KIM-1, and Neutrophil Elastase on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human kidney tissue was performed as described (Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/CCX/A103). To quantify NGAL and KIM-1 immunostaining, the sections were first scanned using a Nanozoomer HT (Hamamatsu Photonics, Hamamatsu, Japan). Morphometric analysis was performed using the Aperio Imagescope positive pixel analysis v9.1 algorithm (Aperio Technologies, Vista, CA) as described previously (23 (link)). Neutrophil infiltration was quantified by counting the number of neutrophils (neutrophil Elastase positive) present in all glomeruli of the kidney sections.