For quantification of PFOS in exposure tanks, 1 mL of water sample was collected from each fish tank shortly after exposure (day 0) and before renewing with fresh treatment water at day 5. Samples were stored at 4 °C, and PFOS were measured by combined liquid (Agilent 1200, American) mass spectrometry (Bruker Esquire HCT ion trap, Germany) (LC/MS) according to our previous methods44 (link)45 (link). Three independent replicates of each sample were prepared and analyzed. The concentrations of PFOS were calculated from standard curves and the average extraction efficiency of PFOS ranged from 75% to 80%.
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