S. mutans (BCRC 16002) was purchased from the BCRC, Food Industry Development Institute (Taiwan), while P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 was purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), USA. S. mutans strains was cultured in BHI agar (Brain Heart Infusion agar, Merck, KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) at 37 °C with 5% CO2 for 3 days and stored at 5 °C. P. gingivalis strains was cultured in Brucella blood agar plates (BBAP, 2.81% (w/v) Brucella broth base (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Missouri, USA), 5.0% (v/v) sheep blood (C. M. P., R.O.C.), 1.8% agar (w/v)) at 37 °C with 5% CO2 for 3 days and stored at 5 °C [21 (link)].
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