This study was carried out in strict accordance with the recommendations in the Guide for the Care of Animals of the National Institutes of Health. The protocols were approved by the IACUC of the University of Pittsburgh (Protocol numbers 1110982 and 1112140). All procedures and euthanasia were conducted according to these approved protocols with an aim to ameliorate and potential animal discomfort.
Female NOD/LtJ mice were purchased from Jackson Laboratories (Bar Harbor, ME) and were used between the ages of 8–18 weeks or when confirmed diabetic (two consecutive readings of tail vein blood glucose >300 mg/dL). C57BL/6 transgenic mice expressing GFP under the control of the IL-10 promoter (IL-10 GFP “knock-in”; IL10gfp; [62] (link) were purchased from the Jackson Laboratories and maintained as a colony and along with the transgenic control strain wild-type C57BL/6 female mice (Jackson Laboratories), they were used between the ages of 7–12 weeks. All mice were maintained in a specific pathogen-free environment in the Animal Facility of the Rangos Research Center in accordance with institutional, state and federal guidelines. All animal experiments were conducted following approved protocols by the University of Pittsburgh IACUC.
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