After separation by SDS-PAGE or native-PAGE (see above) the proteins were transferred onto PVDF membranes. The membranes were blocked with 5% (w/v) dried skimmed milk in TBS (25 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl) and incubated with primary antibodies followed by IRDye fluorescently labeled secondary antibodies (LiCor). The membranes were scanned with an Odyssey near-infrared imager (LiCor). Primary antibodies and antisera against hamster BiP [chicken anti-BiP; 33 (link)], eIF2α [mouse anti-eIF2α; 34 (link)], and FICD [chicken anti-FICD 12 (link)] were used.