Participants were recruited as part of the pHCP study at the University of Minnesota (Table 1). Data were collected as part of a series of experiments focused on visual perception, which included fMRI and MR spectroscopy at 7 tesla (Schallmo et al., 2023 (link)).
A total of 152 participants participated in the SFM task. Participants were divided into three groups: people with a history of psychotic psychopathology (PwPP hereafter), their first-degree biological relatives (relatives hereafter), and healthy controls (see Table 1 for detailed demographics). Of the 152 participants initially tested, 49 returned for a second (re-test) session (Table 1). The median number of days participants returned after their initial session was 133.5 (range: 36–1173 days; see Supplemental Figure 1).
All participants were between 18–65 years of age, spoke English as their primary language, provided written and informed consent, had not been diagnosed with any learning disability, did not have an IQ of less than 70, nor any current or past central nervous system disease. Participants in the psychosis group had a history of a disorder with psychotic psychopathology (i.e., schizophrenia, schizoaffective, bipolar), whereas relatives were a biological parent, sibling, or offspring of the individuals with psychotic psychopathology. All participants had Snellen visual acuity (with correction, if used) of 20/40 or better. Individuals with poorer than 20/40 acuity were excluded. A total of 3 participants were excluded based on the criteria above (0 controls, 2 relatives, 1 PwPP) and are not included in Table 1. As part of the pHCP participants participated in two 3 T fMRI scanning sessions and one or two 7 T scanning sessions. Details of the clinical assessments and the 3 T scanning protocol are included in our recent publication (Demro et al., 2021 (link)). SFM task data were collected outside of the scanner, in a separate psychophysics room, prior to 7 T scanning on the same day. All participants provided written informed consent prior to participating and were compensated $20 per hour. All procedures were in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki and were approved by the University of Minnesota IRB.