The ultrastructural changes of the kidney after GOs treatment were observed by TEM (JEOL JEM-1400) imaging. The kidney tissues were prefixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde at 4 °C overnight and then post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide at 4 °C for 3 h. The samples were sectioned to 70 nm thick after dehydration and resin embedding, stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. The glomerular ultrastructural changes, including the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickness, podocyte foot process width and length, and glomerular slit diaphragm perimeter were quantitatively analyzed using ImageJ 1.51 k software.
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