Vancomycin Pharmacokinetics in Critical Care

No formal sample size calculation was done and a total of 15 subjects were enrolled. Pharmacokinetic parameters were derived by noncompartment modeling^{17 (link)} using Winnonlin (Version 6.3; Pharsight, St. Louis, MO). The trapezoidal approach was used to estimate AUC and clearance. The Matzke equation was used to estimate vancomycin clearance for each subject.^{18 (link)} Area under the curve was performed from 0 hour to 12 hours; hence, the AUC_{0–24 hours} was calculated by doubling of AUC_0–12.^{19 (link)}All statistical analysis was done on Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). Continuous numerical variables (such as CL_CR, APACHE II score, and all pk parameters) and categorical variables (such as age, gender, and weight) were assessed for the normality using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Normally distributed data were expressed as mean ± SD, and that not normally distributed was presented as median (range).