E. coli macrocolony assays were performed similarly to those in a previous study (83 (link)). Agar plates containing 40 μg/ml Congo red (Sigma-Aldrich, Buchs, Switzerland) and 20 μg/ml Coomassie brilliant blue G (Sigma-Aldrich, Buchs, Switzerland) or 0.01% calcofluor fluorescent brightener 28 (calcofluor; Sigma-Aldrich, Buchs, Switzerland) were spotted with 5 μl ON cultures of E. coli strains and incubated at 28 and 37°C for 7 and 3 days, respectively. LB, LBnoS, RPSMdil, and ABTCAA agars were used with both staining methods. LB and LBnoS were also used without addition of any dyes.
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