IL1-α, IL-8, and VEGF-A in cell supernatant were analyzed using Quantikine ELISA kits (R&D Systems; DLA50, D8000C, DVE00). Human GRO-beta and GRO-gamma ELISA Construction kits (Antigenix America Inc.; RHF810CK, RHF820CKP) were used to measure the supernatant and plasma levels of CXCL2 and CXCL3, respectively. IL-1α, IL-8, and VEGF-A in human plasma were analyzed using custom V-PLEX Assays (Meso Scale Discovery, Maryland, USA; K151RBD-2, K151RAG-1, K151RHD-1). Patient blood samples were obtained after multicenter ethics approval (09/H1102/107 and 14/YH/0090) as described previously [16 (link), 22 (link)]. Blood was centrifuged within 1 h of collection at 2500 rpm in a lithium-heparin containing tube; the plasma was then removed, aliquoted, and stored in a − 70 °C freezer prior to thawing for ELISA analysis. ELISAs were carried out according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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