Proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride membranes, which were sequentially incubated with primary and secondary antibodies The primary antibodies were used at the following dilutions: MYC (1:1,000; 2276 (9B11); Cell Signaling Technology), His (1:12,500; H1029; Sigma-Aldrich), FLAG (1:2,000; F1804; Sigma-Aldrich), GST (1:1,000; sc-459; Santa Cruz) α-tubulin (1:2,500; T6074; Sigma-Aldrich), Gβ (1:1,000; sc-261; Santa Cruz), Vangl2 (1:500; from S. Sokol; Ossipova et al., 2015 (link)), and p114RhoGEF (1:1,000; PA5-21429; Thermo Fisher Scientific). The secondary antibodies were goat anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 680 (1:10,000; A21077; Invitrogen) and goat anti-mouse IRDye 800 (1:10,000; 926-32210; Li-Cor). Infrared imaging of immunoblots was performed using an Odyssey Infrared Imaging System (Li-Cor Biosciences). Images were processed using the ImageJ software and assembled for presentation using Photoshop and Illustrator.