The H-Y stage and Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III (MDS-UPDRS-III) score were used to assess the severity of disease and motor dysfunction in patients with PD. H-Y stages were used to classify the disease into five stages: 1–2.5 and 3–5 for early and intermediate-to-late stages, respectively.17 (link) The MDS-UPDRS-III is the motor symptom examination that assesses PD-related symptoms in terms of gait, facial expression, speech, bilateral tremor, bilateral tonicity, bilateral hand/upper and lower limb dexterity, and postural balance function with a score of 0–4 for each aspect, giving a total score of 0–108. Higher scores indicate more-severe motor impairment.18 (link) The levodopa equivalent dose (LED) was calculated to assess the efficacy of different anti-PD medications in patients using the following drug-equivalence formula: 100-mg levodopa=1-mg pramipexole=1-mg rasagiline=5-mg ropinirole=10-mg selegiline=100-mg amantadine (1 tablet)=100-mg piribedil. Combined with the catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor entacapone, the total amount was calculated at 1.33 times the dose of levodopa.19 (link)