HUVECs at a density of 1 × 105 cells/well were cultured in 96-well plates at 37°C with 5% CO2 for 24 hours. Cell culture supernatant was then collected, and GSH, GPX, and SOD levels were quantified using the corresponding ELISA kits purchased from R&D (San Diego, CA, USA) [40 (link)]. OD values at 450 nm absorbance were measured using an ELX808 Absorbance Reader (BioTek, London, UK) [41 (link)].
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