The mouse femurs were dissected and decalcified by EDTA before protein extraction [14 (link)]. The decalcified bone samples were chopped into small pieces and homogenized with TissueLyser 5mm stainless steel beads (Qiagen, Redwood City, CA) in the RIPA lysis buffer containing the proteinase inhibitor cocktail (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA). Protein concentrations were measured with the BCA protein reagent (ThermoFisher Scientific). The p65 (D14E12) and phospho-p65 (93H1) were stained by the antibodies from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA). The horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody (Cell Signaling Technology) was used and the signals were detected by adding the enhanced chemiluminescence western blotting detection reagents (ThermoFisher Scientific). The quantification of western blotting results was done by Image Lab statistic software (Bio-Rad). The images were quantified by using ImageJ.