MCF7, SK-BR-3 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines were starved over night in serum-free DMEM medium. Breast cancer cells (1×105) in DMEM with 2% FBS were added to the top of each Boyden migration chamber (8 μm, 12-well plate format; BD Biosciences, Palo Alto, CA) with or without CSF-1R-blocking antibody (10μg/ml) followed by treatment with 200 ng/ml recombinant IL-34 or CSF-1 protein (R&D Systems, McKinley Place, MN, USA). After 48 h, medium was removed and membranes were processed as described [59 (link)].
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