DO mice were obtained from the Jackson Laboratory at ~four weeks of age and maintained in the Department of Biochemistry vivarium at the UW-Madison. DO mice were allocated in waves of 100 animals, each with an equal number of males and females. All mice were maintained in a temperature (22.2 °C) and humidity (60%) controlled environment under a 12 h light/dark cycle (lights on at 6:00 and off at 18:00). All mice were fed an HF/HS diet (TD.08811, Envigo Teklad, 44.6% kcal fat, 34% carbohydrate and 17.3% protein) and received sterilized water ad libitum upon arrival at the facility. Mice were kept in the same vivarium room and were individually housed to monitor food intake and prevent cross-inoculation via coprophagy. DO mice were killed at 22–25 weeks of age. Faecal samples were collected immediately before euthanasia after a four h fast. Caecal contents and additional tissues were collected promptly after killing and all samples were immediately flash frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80 °C until further processing. Other studies have been published with these mice13 (link),53 (link),65 (link),66 (link).