DNA extraction: Strains were grown overnight in tryptic soy broth at 37 °C. For PCR analysis, genomic DNA was extracted using the DNeasy tissue kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany), and lysostaphin (100 mg/L; Sigma, Taufkirchen, Germany) for bacterial lysis.
PCR for resistance genes: PCR analysis was performed for mecA and mecC in order to confirm MRSA as previously described [36 (link)].
Spa-typing, BURP and MLST: All S. aureus isolates were subjected to spa-typing as previously described [36 (link)]. Related spa-types (costs ≤ 4) were grouped into spa-clonal complexes (spa-CC) by use of the BURP algorithm (Ridom StaphType software version 2.2.1, Ridom, Münster, Germany). The spa-CCs were allocated to MLST CCs (Ridom SpaServer—Spa-types; database of the German National Reference Center for Staphylococci and Enterococci). Subsets of the isolates were subjected to MLST as described elsewhere [36 (link)].
PCR for resistance genes: PCR analysis was performed for mecA and mecC in order to confirm MRSA as previously described [36 (link)].
Spa-typing, BURP and MLST: All S. aureus isolates were subjected to spa-typing as previously described [36 (link)]. Related spa-types (costs ≤ 4) were grouped into spa-clonal complexes (spa-CC) by use of the BURP algorithm (Ridom StaphType software version 2.2.1, Ridom, Münster, Germany). The spa-CCs were allocated to MLST CCs (Ridom SpaServer—Spa-types; database of the German National Reference Center for Staphylococci and Enterococci). Subsets of the isolates were subjected to MLST as described elsewhere [36 (link)].
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