Biometric assessments were performed at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. Data from participants included self-reported measures (sociodemographic and self-reported health history), survey data collected via REDCap, including the CMS Accountable Health Communities Health-Related Social Needs Screening Tool either onsite at the Recreation and Parks locations or at participant homes [30 (link)]. Biometric measurements, including blood pressure (mmHg), fasting cholesterol (mg/dl), fasting glucose (mg/dl), weight (lbs), and BMI were collected onsite at the Recreation and Parks locations and recorded in REDCap at each time point. The sociodemographic data included age, education, race, ethnicity, employment status, insurance status, and annual income. The self-reported health history included hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and smoking status (I have never smoked, I currently smoke, I quit smoking > 1 year ago or I quit smoking ≤ 1 year ago), as well as medications for the aforementioned chronic conditions.
The survey data included the Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ) III [40 ]. The DHQ-III nutrient and food group database is based on a compilation of national 24-hour dietary recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). Prior research has shown the questionnaire is valid and reliable [41 (link)–43 (link)]. In the current evaluation, we calculated physical activity minutes per week using the validated moderate physical activity 2-question physical activity questionnaire within the CMS screening tool [44 (link)].
Biometric screenings were performed by trained healthcare staff, including nurses and physicians. Blood pressure was checked via an automated oscillometric sphygmomanometer (Omron 5 series) with two measurements performed after the participants were seated for 5 minutes and averaged. Weight was measured using a zeroed and calibrated Omron Body Composition Monitor and Scale (Model: HBF-514C). Height was measured via a tape measurer. BMI was calculated by multiplying weight (lbs) by 703 and then dividing by height squared (inch2). Blood total cholesterol and glucose were measured in the fasting state using the Cardio Check Silver® (Polymer Technology, Inc., Heath, OH, USA) device. All participants received individual results at baseline, 12, and 24 weeks.
The survey data included the Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ) III [40 ]. The DHQ-III nutrient and food group database is based on a compilation of national 24-hour dietary recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). Prior research has shown the questionnaire is valid and reliable [41 (link)–43 (link)]. In the current evaluation, we calculated physical activity minutes per week using the validated moderate physical activity 2-question physical activity questionnaire within the CMS screening tool [44 (link)].
Biometric screenings were performed by trained healthcare staff, including nurses and physicians. Blood pressure was checked via an automated oscillometric sphygmomanometer (Omron 5 series) with two measurements performed after the participants were seated for 5 minutes and averaged. Weight was measured using a zeroed and calibrated Omron Body Composition Monitor and Scale (Model: HBF-514C). Height was measured via a tape measurer. BMI was calculated by multiplying weight (lbs) by 703 and then dividing by height squared (inch2). Blood total cholesterol and glucose were measured in the fasting state using the Cardio Check Silver® (Polymer Technology, Inc., Heath, OH, USA) device. All participants received individual results at baseline, 12, and 24 weeks.
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