Herbal Medicine Extraction and Standardization

The herbal medicines used in this experiment, Coptidis Rhizoma, Phellodendri Cortex, Scutellariae Radix, Gardeniae Fructus, Rhei Rhizoma, Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix, and Notoginseng Radix, were purchased from Kyunghee Herbal Medicine (Wonju, Korea). Experimental drugs A and B were prepared using the following method: Herbal medicines (340 g) composed of Coptidis Rhizoma, Phellodendri Cortex, Scutellariae Radix, Gardeniae Fructus, and Rhei Rhizoma (4:4:4:4:1) were reflux-extracted twice with 80% ethanol in boiling water for 2 h, filtered, evaporated in a rotary vacuum evaporator, and lyophilized with a freeze dryer to produce experimental drug A. The dry weight yield was 26.5%. The basis for standardization of the preparation of experimental drug A has been suggested previously [17 (link)]. Experimental drug B (extract of Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix and Notoginseng Radix) was produced using the same method as above, using 315 g of herbal medicines composed of Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix and Notoginseng Radix 17.5:3.4, with a yield of 33.3%. The basis for standardization of the preparation of experimental drug B was suggested previously [22 ] (Table 1). BÜCHI Rotavapor R-220 (BÜCHI Labortechnik, Flawil, Switzerland) and deep freezer (IlShin BioBase, Dongducheon, Korea) were used to prepare the raw material extracts. For experimental drug B, five types of Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix (C1, C2, K1, K2, and K3) according to different cultivation regions were purchased from markets and used to prepare five different kinds of drug B (BC1 and BC2 were made using two Chinese Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix C1 and C2, respectively; BK1, BK2, and BK3 were prepared using three Korean Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix K1, K2, and K3, respectively). C1 and C2 were purchased in 2018.Feb and 2019.Jan, respectively. K1, K2, and K3 were purchased in 2019 from Yeongyang, in 2019 from Jangheung, and in 2020 from Yeongyang, respectively.