Assay was performed with Matrigel-coated chambers from a BioCoat Matrigel Invasion Chamber Kit (BD Biosciences). Cells with 500 μl in serum-free medium were added into the upper chamber and complete medium was added into the lower chamber. After incubation for 24 h, non-invasive cells in the upper surface of the membrane were removed and the cells invasion to the lower surface of the membrane were fixed. Cell counting was then carried out by photographing the membrane through the microscope [18 (link)] and five random fields were taken.
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