Assessing Maximum Grip Strength

Maximum grip strength was assessed using a GRIP-D (Takei Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd., Niigata, Japan) [26 (link)]. The participant’s right and left hands were assessed. The width of the dynamometer handle was adjusted according to the individual’s preference. Each participant stood still and upright, looking ahead, and the hand to be tested could not be touched with the thigh or any part of the body. Participants were instructed to perform a maximum effort attempt. During testing, verbal encouragement was given to the participants to obtain their best score. Four measurements were taken, and each one was supposed to last a few seconds [27 (link),28 (link)]. Participants performed the first 2 measurements in a row: one with the dominant hand and the other with the non-dominant hand. Then, one minute of rest was allotted before the 2 measurements were repeated. The highest scores of both hands were recorded in kilograms (kg).