TMAs were scanned by a Pannoramic Scan II (3DHISTECH, Budapest, Hungary) or Aperio AT2 scanning device (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany) using 40-fold magnification and a 0.25 µm resolution. QuPath’s TMA dearrayer and positive cell detection were used to detect and quantify positively stained cells using optical density sum with a pixel size of 0.5 µm and single thresholding.26 (link) Cores with significant artifacts such as large cracks comprising more than one-third of the core area or large tissue folds were excluded from the evaluation. Core-specific quantitative data were exported and further analyzed in R studio (see below). For the visualization of local cell density of the cellular neighborhood or of positive cells, measurement maps/density maps were calculated based on a weighted average of individual cells and neighboring cells for the specific measurement type. Smoothed data (100 µm radius) were calculated and displayed as color code in a low magnification overview.