Based on the GBD 2017 study, 13 work-environment carcinogens attributable to 7 cancer types were included in our cross-sectional study: tracheal, bronchial, and lung cancer (exposure to arsenic, asbestos, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, diesel engine exhaust, nickel, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and silica), leukemia (exposure to benzene and formaldehyde), larynx cancer (exposure to asbestos and sulfuric acid), mesothelioma (exposure to asbestos), nasopharynx cancer (exposure to formaldehyde), ovarian cancer (exposure to asbestos), and kidney cancer (exposure to trichloroethylene). Each combination of risk and outcome included in the GBD is recognized as a risk-outcome pair, which was obtained on the basis of evidence rules (eTable 2 in the Supplement). Data on OC-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs were obtained, along with their respective age-standardized rates, and the summary exposure value of each OC from January 1, 1990, to December 31, 2017. Data were analyzed from June 24, 2020, to July 20, 2020.
This study was based on the GBD database and does not contain identifiable personal information. Therefore, a waiver of informed consent was reviewed and approved by the University of Washington institutional review board. Both sexes were included, and race/ethnicity was not reported. This study followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) reporting guideline for cross-sectional studies.
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