Liposomal nanoparticles were fabricated using established methods.52 (link) A lipid composition of DPPC, cholesterol and DSPE-PEG(2000)-ligand in the molar ratio of 60-X:40:X was used, where X was 2.5 or 5 mol% for the single-ligand or dual-ligand variants, respectively.
To prepare the DSPE-PEG-ligand, the αvβ3 integrin-targeting peptide (c(RGDfC), Peptides International) and P-selectin-targeting peptide (CDAEWVDVS, GeneScript) was conjugated to DSPE-PEG-NH2. Each nanoparticle variant was labeled with a different NIR fluorophore using Vivotag-S 645, Vivotag-S 680, or Vivotag-S 750 (Perkin Elmer), which contained an NHS functional group. More details on the synthesis and characterization of the nanoparticles are provided in the Supporting Information.