Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded liver sections (5μm) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The severity of IRI was graded using Suzuki’s criteria.21 (link)The mouse liver infiltrating macrophages and neutrophils were detected with rat anti-CD11b Ab (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA) and rat anti-Ly6G Ab (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA), respectively. Signals were visualized with secondary Alexa Fluor 488 anti-rat IgG. Results were scored semi-quantitatively by blindly counting the number of positive cells in 10 HPF/section (x400).