Samples were prepared and analyzed in the Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Bioanalytics, Metabolomics and Pharmacokinetics Shared Resource, using the MxP Quant 500 kit (Biocrates Life Sciences AG) in accordance with the user manual. Tumor samples were homogenized in a ratio of 1 mg of tissue to 3 μL of solvent (85% ethanol and 15% 0.01 mol/L phosphate buffer) using optimized setting on the Omni-Bead Ruptor 24 (Omni International). The homogenate was centrifuged to obtain a supernatant which was added to the plate (10 μL). Sample extract elution was performed with 5-mmol/L ammonium acetate in methanol and diluted with either water for the high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)-MS/MS analysis (1:1) or kit running solvent (Biocrates Life Sciences AG) for flow injection analysis–MS/MS (50:1), using a Sciex 5500 mass spectrometer. Data was processed using MetIDQ software (Biocrates Life Sciences AG), Limma (33 (link)) for differential metabolites and Metaboanalyst (34 (link)) for metabolite set enrichment analysis.