Blood was collected from healthy cattle in 60 ml syringes containing 7.5% EDTA. PBMCs were obtained from these blood samples using the Ficoll (GE Healthcare Bioscience) method of isolation.21 CD14+ monocytes were isolated from PBMCs by positive selection using MACs columns (Miltenyi Biotec Inc.). Mature bDCs were subsequently derived from CD14+ monocytes after culturing in a complete Roswell Park Memorial Institute-1640 (RPMI-1640) medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated FBS and 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) (Hyclone Laboratories Inc.), 2-mercaptoethanol (Sigma-Aldrich), recombinant bovine GM-CSF at 100 ng/ml (Bio-Rad) and IL-4 at 50 ng/ml (Biorad) as previously described.22 (link) bDCs were assessed by flow cytometry and the expression of DC-specific marker CD206 was found to be greater than 97%.