B. pertussis strain Tohama I was maintained in the laboratory. A dnt-deficient mutant of B. pertussis Tohama I was generated according to methods described previously (45 (link)). B. pertussis was grown in Stainer-Scholte (SS) medium or on Bordet-Gengou agar (Becton, Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) containing 0.4% (wt/vol) polypeptone or Hipolypeptone (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Japan), 0.8% glycerol, 20% defibrinated horse blood, and 10 μg/ml ceftibuten (BG plate). The culture supernatants of B. pertussis were harvested by centrifugation at 6,800 × g for 5 min and filtered through a 0.22-μm-pore-size filter.
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