A xenon high-pressure lamp (Lambda LS, Sutter Instruments) was used, and the light stimuli were delivered to the ommatidia by means of epi-illumination via the objective lens (in situ). The effective intensity of the orange light (Schott OG 590 edge filter) at the specimen was calibrated using a bioassay, by measuring the rate of single photon responses (bumps) from WT flies at normal Ca2+ conditions (effective photons per second, as previously described (36 (link))).
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