Pseudoviruses carrying MERS-CoV S protein with or without mutations were produced as described elsewhere [25 (link), 26 (link)]. Briefly, pseudovirus was incubated with a test peptide at graded concentrations at 37°C for 1 hour, followed by addition of the virus/peptide mixture to Huh-7 cells. Cultures were refed with fresh medium 12 hours after infection and incubated for another 48 hours at 37°C, followed by addition of luciferase substrate (Promega). Fluorescence was assessed using a luciferase kit (Promega) and an Ultra 384 luminometer (Tecan).