MCF-7 cells (from ATCC) were cultured in Minimal Essential Medium (Sigma) supplemented with 10% calf serum (HyClone), 100μg/mL penicillin-streptomycin (Invitrogen), and 25μg/mL gentamicin (Invitrogen). MDA-MB-157 cells were obtained from ATCC and cultured in Leibovitz’s L-15 medium (ATCC) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (HyClone) and 100μg/mL penicillin-streptomycin (Invitrogen). Recombinant adenoviruses were constructed and prepared as described previously (7 (link)). Cells were infected with adenovirus expressing β-galactosidase (AdGal) or ERβ (AdERβ) as described (7 (link),10 (link)). The siRNA-mediated gene knockdowns (KD) were performed as described (23 (link)). ERα siRNA was purchased from Dharmacon. The siERα sequences are UCAUCGCAUUCCUUGCAAAdTdT and UUUGCAAGGAAUGCGAUGAdTdT. p53 siRNA was purchased from Santa Cruz (sc-29435).