Animals were anesthetized with 3–4% isoflurane and placed on controlled heating pads. Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) was measured by advancing a 2F curve tip pressure transducer catheter (SPR-513, Millar Instruments) into the right ventricle (RV) via the right jugular vein under 1.5–2% isoflurane anesthesia. En-bloc heart and lungs were collected, and lungs were perfused with physiological saline via the right ventricular outflow tract to flush blood cells from the pulmonary circulation. RV hypertrophy was assessed by calculating Fulton’s index, the weight ratio of the RV free wall to the combined left ventricle (LV) + septum [RV/(LV + S)].
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