Female and male mice aged 1 to 12 months were used in this study. Mice were hosted under specific pathogen‐free conditions in single ventilated cages in a 12 h/12 h day/night cycle and fed ad libitum with a standard rodent diet (V1534‐000, Ssniff) with free access to water.
For the generation of hepatic endothelial conditional Acvrl1‐knockout mice, Stab2‐icreF3 mice (C57BL/6N‐Tg[Stab2‐icre]1.3Cger/Sgoe, Mouse Genome Informatics [MGI]: 6741034)25 (link) were crossed with Acvrl1‐floxed mice (B6N.129‐Acvrl1tm2.1Spo, MGI: 4398901).26 (link) Mice with the genotype Stab2‐icreF3tg/wt × Acvrl1fl/fl indicating homozygous recombination were denoted as Alk1HEC‐KO (alias Acvrl1HEC‐KO). Littermates with the genotypes Stab2‐icreF3wt/wt × Alk1fl/fl or Stab2‐icreF3wt/wt × Alk1fl/wt were used as controls. Alk1 knockout was confirmed by RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq) of isolated hepatic EC and by immunofluorescence of ALK1 target Endoglin.